(Transcribed by Mayy Sukhtian)
I was busy monitoring the humanitarian situation in Libya when Syrian military defectors declared the formation of the ‘Free Syrian Army’ in July 2011. They initially thought that NATO would support them as it supported the Libyan rebels. They did not realize that Bashar Assad’s rule is very different from Gaddafi’s rule. There was almost a political consensus that Gaddafi was a supercilious, insane man. Assad’s regime is strongly supported by Iran, Russia and the Shiites who were able to convince the left-wing demagogues of the alleged collaboration of the Free Syrian Army with US imperialism. And worse, they have convinced the ignorant ideologists that the Syrian revolution is working against the interest of the Palestinian cause. In contrast, the opposition media has been weak. I have not seen Syrian intellectuals speak in universities and churches about Assad’s crimes against humanity. And I have heard a lot the emotional phrase ‘the world knows about our suffering, but no one is with us except God’! God, of course, is our Creator, but people have to work harder and smarter with great patience, especially against a dictatorial, ruthless regime.
Women friends used a Twitter account to report news on Libya until Gaddafi was killed in October 2011. After that, they changed the profile name of the Twitter account to Rozalina Chomsky and started to post Syrian news almost every five minutes. They even uploaded more than 100 videos every day. Thus, they frequently received severe abuse from many anonymous morons. My friend Umm Ayman has Arabic-English Twitter and Facebook accounts. We decided to have a French account to talk about Assad’s crimes against humanity. The Syrian-American girls in Damascus were able to create a news network in collaboration with activists in Qaboun and Rukn al-Din neighborhoods (Our activist in Qaboun was killed a few months ago, and we do not know what happened to our activist in Rukn al-Din). My friends in the Yarmouk Camp reported news on south Damascus. However, the greatest credit goes to Umm Ayman, who collected news from all the Syrian governorates.
All the major ideas and ideologies exist in Syria. There are Syrian Communists, and there are Syrian Salafists. There are Arab and Kurdish tribes, as well as cultural and social generalizations (i.e. The people of Hama are such and such, and the people of Aleppo are so-and-so). There are also Sunni, Shiite and Christian denominations.
The Muslim Brotherhood thinks it had been subject to extreme oppression and excruciation. It also thinks it has been the strongest opposition movement in Syria. Indeed, it is not possible to discuss the political history of ‘modern Syria’ without talking about the struggle of prominent Muslim Brotherhood figures such as Mustafa al-Sibai, Essam al-Attar, Sheikh Muhammad al-Hamed, Sheikh Abdul Fattah Abu Ghudda, Ali al-Tantawi, Said Hawwa, Muhammad al-Mubarak, Marwan Hadid….Moreover, the Muslim Brotherhood took up arms against Hafez al-Assad, and many Muslim Brothers were killed. Many Muslim Sisters were raped and tortured. Therefore, the leaders of the Free Syrian Army and the secular opposition had realized that their opposition would not succeed without the Muslim Brotherhood that has a strong organization and links with the ‘Islamic Movement’ in Turkey, Jordan, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. They even needed the Salafists in the Gulf states, especially after learning that France, Britain and the US would not give them weapons to fight against the Assad regime. So the Muslim Brotherhood had a strong voice in the Syrian National Council, which was founded in Istanbul in August 2011. And I say here that the U.S. government did not interfere in the formation of the Free Syrian Army and the Syrian National Council as some Syrian dreamers say. The battle in Libya was very violent, and NATO’s direct involvement was more important than the case of Syrian dissident officers.
There were heated arguments between Syrian opposition individuals who have not been elected by the oppressed Syrians. Some secular individuals have ties with the French government, and they consider the thought of the ‘Islamic movements’ a backward, authoritarian ideology opposed to the principles of democracy and secularism. The members of the Muslim Brotherhood think they are better than the others because they say ‘Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our ideal. The Koran is our constitution’. The concerned states have their own special interests. Secular France does not trust the Islamic movements; the Turkish government favors ‘moderate Islam’, the Muslim Brotherhood’s Islam, and opposes the Kurdish parties that advocate an independent Kurdish homeland; the Saudi government does not like the Muslim Brotherhood (do not be fooled by the presence of prominent members of the Muslim Brotherhood in Saudi Arabia) and the nationalists who call for a pan-Arab union; Qatar acts as an international intermediary in the name of democracy, which it does not apply in its country; and Jordan is worried about political instability after the fall of Assad’s regime. As for the United States, the security of Israel is a top priority. In fact, Arab rulers thought that changing the Syrian regime by force of arms would ultimately jeopardize their repressive authoritarianism and efforts to reach an accord with Israel.
The Syrian revolution did not produce a Gandhi, a Mandela or a Saladin. The Free Syrian Army thought that dissident officers would knock down Assad, and downplayed the significance of the Shiite alliance with the Syrian regime (When I spoke about Shiite armed organizations I was told not to ’cause sectarianism’!!!). On the other hand, the external opposition thought that increasing the membership of the Syrian National Council would solve the problem. Actually, the Syrian National Council has more members than the US Congress!!
I can say that the FSA didn’t have a clear military plan. The plan was to encourage the defection of military officers to destabilize the Syrian regime and kill the largest possible number of Assad’s forces. Many so-called battalions were formed!! Not to mention the satirical farce that announced the formation of a battalion for kids!! And I still remember the young preacher who filmed his big battalion and stood up in front of the city of Aleppo (not in front of an airport or military base), saying, ‘Do not cut down a tree and do not enter a house and eat food without permission’!! This inexperienced young man did not realize that Assad’s troops and pilots would eventually obliterate the city and annihilate its people. Do the resistance fighters need permission to enter demolished homes and feed their empty stomachs??
I convinced myself that I should support the Syrian rebels though I was concerned about the media’s reaction. I was also worried about my public reputation and my family’s safety. I contacted politicians and officials and flew off to Washington to discuss the Syrian revolution. A Democrat said: ‘Can you tell us why you are interested in Syria?’ I replied: ‘For humanitarian reasons and to protect our national interests in the Middle East’. He added: ‘We appreciate your concern about Syria. We will contact the Syrian opposition and provide some help’. I said: ‘Syrian activists in Syria keep me updated about the humanitarian and military conditions there’. Someone added: ‘That’s great. How do you know them? How do they contact you?’ I said: ‘Two of them are American citizens. They send me emails and text messages. You can check out their Twitter accounts’. A Republican asked: ‘What do you want to do?’ I said: ‘I can send food and medicine’. The Republican added: ‘What do you think about the rebels?’ I said: ‘They are simple oppressed people and want freedom. I hate Assad and wish he goes to Hell soon’! Everyone smiled. One said: ‘We are not on a position to send arms to the rebels. We still don’t know what would happen in Libya’.
The meeting was candid, positive, substantive. There was a consensus to provide humanitarian services, and send military and technical information to my Syrian activists. Besides, I had been advised to reconsider my plans and conceal my identity for security reasons (One said: ‘Please, be careful. You’re a Jew and married to a well-known Jewish businessman. You know what Arabs would say about you. Let international organizations and your activists do the job. We will contact you soon’). I must say here that the U.S. government did not ask the Arab and Muslim countries not to send arms to the Syrian rebels, and these countries did not ask the U.S. government to send weapons to the rebels.
Our main Twitter account was important to inform our American officials about the humanitarian and military situations in Syria. Twitter morons did not understand that we had tried our best to draw a veil over the identity of the Syrian activists who used the Twitter account (We laughed when a crazy journalist (Harald Doornbos) said that Noam Chomsky’s eldest daughter says ‘no Rozalina in our family’!!!). Strangely, the Rozalina Chomsky Twitter account became very controversial, though we had never intended to talk to Twitter users. Of course, we talked politely to some people to camouflage our work on the ground. Assad and Hezbollah undercover agents tried hard to know us, but they failed. People still think that one woman uses the Twitter account!!
My main task was to send food, medicine, money and military information to my Syrian activists. Specialized friends updated me about the movements of Assad’s army and provided me with military maps and photos. I should say I have been disappointed because of the hazardous formation of numerous battalions, and activists lacked a sense of security. Assad and Hezbollah spies watched videos and TV channels (Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya). The intelligence agencies in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE spied on Syrians and sent reports to US and British intelligence officers. The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood refused to disclose its organization, sources of funding and military plans because it did not trust the secular opposition and the dissident officers who served the Syrian regime for a long time.
The Salafists declined to engage in political organizations and preferred to work on their own way, especially because of their peculiar understanding of the Islamic creed, and sympathy with Osama bin Laden, the Taliban and the Sunni fighters in Iraq. And they were the most munificent Muslims. They sent huge amounts of food, medicine, garments and blankets. I say this to recognize the power of the Islamic discourse in Syria. Moreover, Jabhat al-Nusrah’s audacious military operations have strengthened the Salafist discourse that imposed Islamic terms such as Jihad, Mujahideen and the rule of God.
To be continued…..